What is the most commonly reported complication with maxillary sinus augmentation?

The most commonly reported complication with maxillary sinus augmentation is the perforation of the Schneiderian membrane. This membrane lines the maxillary sinus and is essential for maintaining the integrity of the sinus during the augmentation procedure. When a perforation occurs, it can lead to communication between the sinus cavity and the oral cavity, possibly resulting in complications such as sinusitis or graft failure.

The reason this complication is prevalent stems from the delicate nature of the membrane and the techniques used during the procedure. Adequate care must be taken to avoid trauma to the membrane while accessing the sinus. The likelihood of perforation increases when there is insufficient bone or when the membrane is manipulated excessively.

In contrast, while postoperative maxillary sinusitis, local wound dehiscence, and graft infections are also possible complications, they are generally less frequent. Sinusitis can occur postoperatively but is often a secondary consequence of other complications, such as a membrane perforation. Wound dehiscence and graft infections are certainly concerns but are not as common as membrane perforations following maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.