What is the most common malignant lesion of the gingiva?

Squamous cell carcinoma is recognized as the most common malignant lesion of the gingiva. This type of cancer originates from the squamous cells, which are flat cells found in the lining of the oral cavity, including the gums. The prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma in the gingiva is particularly notable due to its association with various risk factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and chronic irritation or trauma. Moreover, early detection and intervention are crucial, as squamous cell carcinoma can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize.

In the context of the other options, basal cell carcinoma primarily occurs on sun-exposed skin and is relatively rare in the oral cavity, particularly the gingiva. Metastatic carcinoma represents cancer that has spread from another site in the body to the gingiva but is not as common as the primary squamous cell carcinoma occurring in this location. Malignant melanoma, while aggressive and significant, is less frequently diagnosed in the oral cavity and specifically in the gingival area. Therefore, among the options listed, squamous cell carcinoma stands out as the most prevalent type found in the gingiva.