Dispersion strengthening increases the capability of blocking a crack from propagating through the ceramic material. Which statement is true about this phenomenon?

Dispersion strengthening is a well-recognized phenomenon in materials science, particularly in the context of ceramics. It involves the distribution of fine particles throughout a matrix material, which effectively impedes the movement of dislocations and inhibits crack propagation. This increased resistance to cracking and deformation is crucial for enhancing the mechanical properties of ceramic materials.

In this context, the statement indicates that dispersion strengthening improves the ability of the ceramic to block crack growth. This is indeed true because the fine particles create obstacles that fractures must navigate around. When a crack encounters these particles, its path can be deflected or arrested, thus preventing the crack from growing further. This mechanism leads to better toughness and reliability in ceramic materials under stress or load.

Therefore, recognizing that both aspects of the statement affirm the role of dispersion strengthening in enhancing a ceramic's toughness validates the choice that both statements are true. Understanding this principle is essential for designing ceramics that require higher performance in structural applications, where crack resistance is critical.